Which of the following can be classified as a non-narcotic analgesic?

Ibuprofen is classified as a non-narcotic analgesic because it belongs to the group of medications known as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). These drugs work by inhibiting certain enzymes in the body, which leads to a reduction in inflammation, pain, and fever. Unlike narcotic analgesics, which are derived from opiates and are primarily used for severe pain management while carrying a risk of dependence and side effects such as sedation, non-narcotic analgesics like ibuprofen provide pain relief without these narcotic effects and are often used for mild to moderate pain.

In contrast, morphine, codeine, and hydromorphone are all classified as narcotic analgesics. They act on the central nervous system to relieve pain but can lead to physical dependence and have a higher potential for misuse. Thus, the effective classification of ibuprofen as a non-narcotic analgesic highlights its role in pain management without the associated risks of narcotics.