Which components are found in the extracellular matrix?

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a crucial component of connective tissue, providing structural and biochemical support to surrounding cells. The correct choice highlights the diverse elements that comprise the ECM.

Collagen and elastin are indeed integral fibrous proteins responsible for the matrix's tensile strength and elasticity, respectively. However, the ECM also contains ground substance, which is an amorphous gel-like component that fills the spaces between cells and fibers. Ground substance is essential as it comprises proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and various other molecules that facilitate cell communication and transport of nutrients as well as waste products. Additionally, the presence of fluid in the ECM, which can vary in composition and viscosity, is also essential for the matrix's function, contributing to hydration and nutrient transport.

This combination of collagen, elastin, ground substance, and fluid allows the ECM to fulfill its roles in providing structural integrity, facilitating cell adhesion, and mediating biochemical signaling. Thus, this comprehensive selection accurately reflects the complex and multifaceted nature of the extracellular matrix.