What is assessed when the Babinski reflex is tested?

The Babinski reflex is a test used to assess the integrity of the neurological pathways involved in reflex action, particularly those connected to the spinal cord and brain. When the sole of the foot is stroked, a normal response in adults is the flexion of the toes. However, in infants up to about two years old, the expected response is the extension and splaying of the toes, which indicates proper development of the central nervous system.

In adults, a positive Babinski sign—where the toes extend and spread out—can suggest potential neurological damage or lesions in the corticospinal tract. Thus, by evaluating the responsiveness of the toes during this reflex test, clinicians can gain insights into the functioning of the nervous system and the presence of any underlying conditions or injuries affecting it.