What is a major effect of cocaine on the central nervous system?

Cocaine is classified as a powerful stimulant that primarily affects the central nervous system by increasing levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure, movement, and attention. When cocaine is consumed, it produces intense feelings of euphoria, increased energy, and heightened alertness. However, these effects are notably brief, typically lasting from a few minutes to an hour, depending on the method of use. This short duration contributes to the potential for repeated use in a short period, often leading to addiction.

The other options suggest effects that are not characteristic of cocaine. For instance, lasting sedation and calmness would align more with depressants rather than a stimulant like cocaine. Reductions in cognitive abilities are not a major immediate effect; while long-term use can impair cognitive function, the rapid stimulation experienced shortly after use is not indicative of cognitive decline. Lastly, inducing deep sleep is contrary to cocaine's stimulating properties, which would instead result in increased wakefulness and alertness. Thus, the significant stimulant effects of cocaine, combined with its transient duration, highlight its primary influence on the central nervous system.